This chapter examines the complex and multifaceted relationship between dialectics and social transformation, with a particular focus on the intense philosophical debates that unfolded in the Soviet Union. It explores the intellectual struggle between two competing schools of thought—the Mechanists and the Deborinites—who sought to define the essence and scope of dialectics, as well as its relationship to both the natural and social sciences. This debate not only illuminates the epistemological and methodological challenges confronting scientific disciplines in the early twentieth century but also provided critical insights into how dialectics intersected with broader processes of social transformation. The chapter traces the institutionalisation of dialectics as the official philosophical doctrine of the Soviet Union under the banner of dialectical materialism, leading to its dogmatisation. At the same time, it examines the emergence of creative Marxism as a response to this dogmatic and scholastic appropriation of dialectics. Proponents of creative Marxism sought to revitalise dialectics by critically interrogating the relationship between Hegel’s Science of Logic and Marx’s Capital, offering fresh perspectives on the continuities and divergences between these foundational works.