Urban wetlands serve as critical green infrastructure, providing essential services such as water filtration, flood control, and groundwater recharge. This chapter explores the interconnected roles of wetlands and aquifers in sustaining urban ecosystems and advancing sustainable development. Through case studies from India, particularly Telangana, it examines the challenges, opportunities, and innovative approaches for integrating these systems into urban planning. Emphasizing decentralized, landscape-based solutions, the discussion highlights how working with water’s natural behavior—slowing, sinking, and sharing—can restore ecological function and social trust. The socioeconomic and cultural significance of traditional systems is underscored, especially in the semiarid state of Telangana. The chapter delves into the science of aquifers in riverbeds and floodplains, exploring their role in water harvesting and recharge. It also addresses watershed governance, the reconnection of surface and groundwater, and projected 2050 water stress, proposing strategies rooted in local geology, ecology, and cultural values.