Integrating Wetlands into Urban Planning for Resilience of Cities: A Pathway to the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals
摘要
Ecosystems, particularly wetlands, provide services that are key to supporting and enhancing societal well-being. However, rapid urbanisation and its associated population growth have resulted in the allocation of land for urban development and the growth of unplanned settlements in wetlands and flood-prone areas. This situation affects the resilience of cities as it results in increased intensity and frequency of harmful flood events, which exacerbate environmental degradation and associated climate change effects. Integrating wetlands into urban planning for the resilience of cities, thus, becomes central in improving the societal well-being of the growing urban population. Focusing on the three cities of Ndola, Livingstone and Kitwe, this chapter applied the case study and qualitative approaches in exploring the integration of wetlands into urban planning for the resilience of cities. Semi-structured interviews were used for collecting primary data from key informants, including planners and environmentalists in the local authorities of the three cities. GIS and Google Maps were also used, and secondary data were collected through a literature review. Data collection and analysis were based on key aspects including the status, effects and strategies with regard to the integration of wetlands into urban planning. It then links the findings to strategies for the achievement of the SDGs, affirming that the prevailing situation threatens the achievement of such goals. The chapter argues that there is minimal mainstreaming of wetlands in Zambian cities. It thus recommends the need for the Zambian Government, through the local authorities, to think about ways of actualising sustainable integration of wetlands into urban planning for the resilience of cities.