STEM microcredentials are reshaping workforce development, lifelong learning, and social mobility by offering flexible, competency-based learning aligned with evolving industry needs. As a form of alternative credential, they create pathways for upskilling, reskilling, and career transitions, particularly for non-traditional learners. Through the experiences of learner personas, this chapter illustrates both the promise and complexity of STEM microcredentials in real-world contexts. Despite their growing visibility, microcredentials face persistent challenges related to standardization, interoperability, and employer recognition. The digital credentialing landscape remains fragmented, with inconsistent definitions, assessment practices, and quality assurance standards across institutions and sectors. The absence of a shared taxonomy—especially for distinguishing standalone versus stackable credentials—limits transparency, comparability, and portability. Additionally, inequities in access, affordability, and digital infrastructure continue to affect underrepresented learners. These barriers constrain microcredentials’ potential to support inclusive workforce development and educational advancement. This chapter synthesizes current research and institutional models to map the evolving ecosystem of digital microcredentials. It calls for coordinated efforts among higher education, industry, and policy stakeholders to create coherent frameworks that support scalable, equitable, and workforce-aligned implementation. Addressing these structural gaps is essential to realizing the full potential of alternative credentials in STEM education and employment pathways.