The concept of healthy buildings is gaining attention as a critical element in addressing both human well-being and sustainability in the built environment. However, despite extensive research and policy initiatives, there is still a lack of a comprehensive, widely accepted framework that effectively integrates health, sustainability, and resilience into building practices. This paper proposes a holistic framework that defines and operationalizes healthy buildings through five interconnected dimensions: “improving mental and physical health,” “designed for human needs,” “sustainably built and managed,” “resilient and adaptive,” and “empowering people.” The framework is based on a synthesis of academic literature, industry practices, and policy guidelines, tested through 12 case studies across the main European climates. Findings indicate that while the framework offers a holistic approach to assessing building health, challenges such as inconsistent data quality, limited access to EU-wide information, and varying regional regulations remain significant barriers. By highlighting these obstacles and offering targeted policy recommendations, this paper underscores the urgency of integrating health and sustainability into decision-making processes. The developed framework not only supports practitioners working on building technologies, de-sign, construction, and management processes, as well as policymakers, but also aligns with the EU’s climate goals by promoting healthier, more resilient, and energy-efficient buildings. As the building sector moves toward decarbonization and adaptation to future climates, adopting this framework will be crucial in ensuring that buildings meet the needs of both people and the planet.