Optimizing Energy Efficiency in HVAC Systems: A Computational Study of Adaptive Fan Blade Configurations Using Shape-Memory Alloys
摘要
In real-world applications of HVAC units, fans are designed to operate close to their optimal working point. However, deviations from the best efficiency point can often result from varying operating requirements. Adapting the fan’s blade geometry to the current load exploits a potential of otherwise lost energy. To address this challenge, a research project conducted in collaboration between ILK Dresden and STFI Chemnitz is exploring the use of composite materials with embedded shape-memory alloys for manufacturing adaptive fan blades. These materials enable dynamic adjustments of blade curvature, offering a novel method to improve efficiency under changing operating conditions. This study demonstrates the potential for energy savings and efficiency improvements through targeted fan blade adaptations and operational analysis. Using measured operating data over a 79-day period, energy savings of up to 17.3% for individual operating points and approximately 3.3% in total were estimated. The findings highlight the importance of effective blade shape modifications, particularly adjustments to the profile camber angle and stagger angle, which result in trailing edge displacements of 6 mm (just over 1% of the fan diameter). These adaptations are considered achievable through the integration of shape-memory alloys. The results emphasize the potential of adaptive blade geometries to optimize system performance and contribute to more sustainable ventilation solutions.