Performance of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Gravel-Cement Mixtures: Strength, Shrinkage, and Durability Analysis
摘要
The depletion of high-quality natural aggregates due to excessive quarrying presents a major challenge in sustainable road construction. This study investigates the incorporation of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) into gravel-cement mixtures for pavement base layers. Four formulations were de-veloped with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% RCA, while maintaining a fixed cement dosage of 4%. Laboratory testing included compressive strength, flexural strength, indirect tensile strength, shrinkage, and water absorption. The results showed that increasing RCA content reduced compressive strength by up to 10.6% (from 3.5 MPa to 3.1 MPa at 28 days) and flexural and tensile strengths by 15.6% and 10.4%, respectively. However, all mixtures exceeded the mini-mum strength required for pavement base layers (≥2.5 MPa at 28 days). Shrink-age strain decreased by up to 20%, and water absorption increased moderately but remained within acceptable limits. These findings confirm that gravel-cement mixtures with high RCA content can meet mechanical and durability requirements while offering environmental and economic benefits.