Temporary housing serves as a critical bridge between immediate shelter and permanent housing, helping affected individuals regain stability and normalcy. This chapter examines the hygrothermal environment and thermal comfort in temporary emergency shelters, especially when subject to extreme weather conditions often faced in post-disaster scenarios. The chapter also addresses passive strategies, including shading devices, cool roofs, green infrastructure, and natural ventilation, evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing discomfort and enhancing energy efficiency. The role of renewable energy systems is finally analyzed, being considered an alternative solution to active heating and cooling systems. These insights provide a basis for the improvement of the design and deployment of emergency construction systems to effectively meet the user needs of displaced populations in terms of indoor comfort.