On the global chessboard of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Russia has consistently sought to assert itself as a great power. Meanwhile, China has positioned the Middle East as a significant axis of its Belt and Road Initiative, leveraging the region to expand its economic, technological, political, and military influence. This strategy has significantly deepened Chinese investment and engagement across the Middle East. Individually and collectively, Russia and China have been trying to capitalize on regional tensions and the ambiguity of U.S. policy in the area. Amid these dynamics, the Arabian Gulf emerges as a bright spot, where the ongoing energy transition is redefining geopolitical and commercial landscapes. Simultaneously, the global system remains anchored in U.S. hegemony, largely driven by the dominance of the dollar and control over international financial mechanisms. As liberalism faces a deep crisis, the world appears to be transitioning toward a multipolar or, arguably, a more fragmented and narrative-deficient international order. This final chapter aims to interpret these shifting power structures through a theoretical lens, drawing on frameworks such as complex interdependence, neorealism, constructivism, and postcolonialism. It also outlines potential policy directions for navigating the evolving global and regional landscape.