This chapter examines the concept, geopolitical importance, and ongoing tensions in the Middle East within the framework of the world order. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire after World War I led to Western powers, such as Britain and France, dominating the region and the subsequent creation of several modern Arab states and the Republic of Turkey. The struggle for position, identity, and civilization between the West and East is an enduring one. Global phenomena often become regional issues, and regional threats, if not handled, can escalate into global disasters, as seen with the September 11 attacks and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Consequently, the persistent challenges in the Middle East, including immigration, terrorism, violence, environmental crises, and drugs, continue to influence Western countries. Shortly, drought and water shortages in the region are likely to lead to further migration. Moreover, the Middle East is a critical source of energy, housing more than half of the world’s oil and natural gas reserves. These factors will undoubtedly influence the emerging New World Order. The concept of world order refers to a preferred arrangement of power and authority that is aligned with values such as peace, economic growth and equality, human rights, and environmental sustainability. The key question is: How will the Middle East evolve to this new order?