Africa is the most impacted continent by climate change. In the race to reach a safer and more sustainable tomorrow, Africa’s road is full of bumps, a number of climate phenomena’s such as: Temperature rise, water scarcity, wildfires, biodiversity loss, and many others represent pillar challenges that the continent faces. In these circumstances, scientific research is imperative to the realization of sustainable development goals. Research assists policymakers in the process of political decision-making, to implement the right strategies and find regional-specific solutions to enhance the ability of adaptation to the climate change. Many scientific researches and sustainable development indexes were brought to light in the last decade. One of the main political preoccupations in the African continent is water scarcity and its adaptation. There are several factors explaining this water shortage, including unequal temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, meaning regional disparities in precipitation as well as alternating wet and dry periods, interspersed with years of severe drought. Hence, the recognition given by the African government to the importance of a good governance of water resources in the decision-making process in order to protect the resource and adapt to water stress. Within this context, in this work we present a systematic review of research works on Ibrahim index and Afrobarometer index and expose how these indicators can be used to address the problematic of water scarcity and its adaption. Ibrahim Index of African Governance regroups data on the governance performances of 54 African countries in the economic, social and environmental fields, while the Afrobarometer is a research survey network operating on 43 African countries where the main objective is to census public attitude on democracy, governance, economy, and environment. We identify and analyze the various indictors’ variables that are related to water resources.