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The article provides a comprehensive analysis and classification of the main methods for measuring gas concentrations used in ecology, industry, medicine, and safety systems. Five main groups of technologies are considered: physico-chemical, optical, electrochemical, acoustic, and thermochemical methods. Each group is described in terms of its operating principles, advantages, disadvantages, fields of application, and relevant mathematical models that characterize sensor performance. Particular attention is given to a comparative analysis of the methods based on sensitivity, selectivity, response time, equipment cost, suitability for operation under various conditions, and maintenance complexity. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that electrochemical methods offer the most balanced option for practical use. This article may be useful for specialists involved in the development of gas analyzers, as well as for students of technical disciplines and researchers in the field of chemical sensor analysis. Controlling gas concentrations in the environment, industrial facilities, medical institutions, and household settings is a critical challenge in the modern world. Air pollution, leaks of toxic or explosive gases, and the need for precise gas dosing in technological processes all require reliable and highly sensitive methods for gas environment analysis. There exists a wide range of physical, chemical, and combined methods for measuring gas concentrations, each with its own advantages and limitations. Depending on the application area and requirements for accuracy, selectivity, response time, cost, and operating conditions, the appropriate approach is chosen. The aim of this work is to systematize and classify modern methods of gas concentration measurement according to physico-chemical principles, as well as to conduct their comparative analysis in terms of key metrological and operational characteristics. Additionally, mathematical models describing the working principles of sensors in each category are considered. The proposed approach allows for a justified selection of the optimal gas control method for specific tasks and promotes the further development of hybrid sensor platforms and multi-analytical systems.

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Analysis and Systematization of Gas Concentration Measurement Methods

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Igor Dudatiev,
  • Andrii Semenov,
  • Kostyantyn Ovchynnykov,
  • Maksym Prytula,
  • Serhii Maltsev

摘要

The article provides a comprehensive analysis and classification of the main methods for measuring gas concentrations used in ecology, industry, medicine, and safety systems. Five main groups of technologies are considered: physico-chemical, optical, electrochemical, acoustic, and thermochemical methods. Each group is described in terms of its operating principles, advantages, disadvantages, fields of application, and relevant mathematical models that characterize sensor performance. Particular attention is given to a comparative analysis of the methods based on sensitivity, selectivity, response time, equipment cost, suitability for operation under various conditions, and maintenance complexity. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that electrochemical methods offer the most balanced option for practical use. This article may be useful for specialists involved in the development of gas analyzers, as well as for students of technical disciplines and researchers in the field of chemical sensor analysis. Controlling gas concentrations in the environment, industrial facilities, medical institutions, and household settings is a critical challenge in the modern world. Air pollution, leaks of toxic or explosive gases, and the need for precise gas dosing in technological processes all require reliable and highly sensitive methods for gas environment analysis. There exists a wide range of physical, chemical, and combined methods for measuring gas concentrations, each with its own advantages and limitations. Depending on the application area and requirements for accuracy, selectivity, response time, cost, and operating conditions, the appropriate approach is chosen. The aim of this work is to systematize and classify modern methods of gas concentration measurement according to physico-chemical principles, as well as to conduct their comparative analysis in terms of key metrological and operational characteristics. Additionally, mathematical models describing the working principles of sensors in each category are considered. The proposed approach allows for a justified selection of the optimal gas control method for specific tasks and promotes the further development of hybrid sensor platforms and multi-analytical systems.