Armenia at the Crossroads and Beyond the EU and Russia
摘要
Armenia’s articulation of liminality reflects its hybrid subjectivity, partly Self/partly Other with both the EU and Russia, as well as with Europe and Asia. It has long portrayed both the EU and Russia as positive, superior Others, while initially maintaining closer links with Russia as the protective “big brother”. Even after the 2018 Velvet Revolution, Armenia’s foreign policy discourse remained largely unchanged, constrained by its security concerns with Turkey and Azerbaijan. Within this framework, Armenia has sought agency as a bridge between the EU and Russia, resisting exclusive categories and subverting imposed dichotomous structures. The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War marked a rupture in Armenia’s ontological security narrative, disrupting its liminal ties with Russia and prompting a discursive shift towards rapprochement with the EU. Armenia now oscillates between maintaining its hybridity and moving towards deeper integration with the EU. Its agency has evolved from that of a disrupted bridge to an emerging hub beyond the cores and, increasingly, a new barrier safeguarding the European order. These creative rearticulations, however, remain constrained by Azerbaijan’s non-recognition of Armenia’s full sovereignty.