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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the French public administration is part of a digital transformation initiated in the 1970s. While AI has the potential to enhance key functions such as personal identification, fraud detection, and access to public services, its use raises significant legal and ethical concerns, particularly regarding transparency and data protection. Projects such as Parcoursup, ALICEM, and the scoring algorithm implemented by the National Family Allowance Fund (CNAF) have sparked controversies over surveillance and algorithmic fairness. Despite the existing legal framework (French Data Protection Act and GDPR), France lacks specific AI regulations, a gap partially filled by the European AI Act. The adoption of AI in France also requires an organisational overhaul of the administration, upskilling of public officials, and the strengthening of the CNIL’s role to ensure effective oversight of AI algorithms used by public authorities.

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AI Systems in French Public Administration: Implementation, Legal Safeguards, and Organizational Evolution in the Context of EU Regulation

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Lucie Cluzel-Métayer,
  • Nina Lasbleiz

摘要

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the French public administration is part of a digital transformation initiated in the 1970s. While AI has the potential to enhance key functions such as personal identification, fraud detection, and access to public services, its use raises significant legal and ethical concerns, particularly regarding transparency and data protection. Projects such as Parcoursup, ALICEM, and the scoring algorithm implemented by the National Family Allowance Fund (CNAF) have sparked controversies over surveillance and algorithmic fairness. Despite the existing legal framework (French Data Protection Act and GDPR), France lacks specific AI regulations, a gap partially filled by the European AI Act. The adoption of AI in France also requires an organisational overhaul of the administration, upskilling of public officials, and the strengthening of the CNIL’s role to ensure effective oversight of AI algorithms used by public authorities.