Global enhancement of forest and tree cover is a critical aspect for combating climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation and for attaining a carbon–neutral and sustainable future. Achieving carbon neutrality and long-term ecological sustainability hinges critically on enhancing forest and tree cover with high-quality and superior planting material. Quality Planting Materials (QPMs) possesses superior genetic, physiological, and morphological traits that actively enhance survival rates, boost growth performance, and improve resilience under diverse climatic and environmental conditions. This chapter examines the crucial role of QPM in accelerating forest restoration, enhancing biomass productivity, and maximizing carbon sequestration potential. QPM not only ensures higher survival rates and faster growth of plantations but also enhances their resilience to climate-induced stressors, pests, and diseases—factors essential for maintaining ecosystem stability and biodiversity. The chapter delves into the science of QPM production, including clonal propagation, tissue culture, and seed orchard development, while emphasizing the importance of provenance selection, genetic diversity, and site-species matching. Moreover, it highlights policy frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and technological interventions required to scale up QPM adoption across afforestation, reforestation, and agroforestry programs. It also highlights the integration of QPM into national forestry strategies and climate action plans of countries, which may effectively contribute to their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and foster a resilient green economy. Eventually, the enhancement of forest and tree cover using QPM emerges as a scientifically sound and scalable pathway to combat climate change, promote ecological restoration, and facilitate sustainable development in the wake of global climate change.