Museum Accessibility for the Visually Impaired: The Case of Greece and the Contribution of Innovative Technologies
摘要
A major challenge faced by visually impaired visitors in museums is the limited availability of haptic experiences, due to the “do not touch” principle, inevitably imposed in such places. This limitation discourages them from truly exploring exhibits, as their primary mode of experiencing the world relies on touch and hearing. Although many museums worldwide strive to eliminate this barrier, museums in Greece seem to be slow in meeting relevant standards, thus resulting in places with limited accessibility. However, Greek museums increasingly recognize the importance of providing various tactile experiences to bridge this gap. Research projects and small-scale technological applications are being implemented with encouraging results, but financial constraints, lack of awareness and specialized staff training are some of the challenges that limit the more extended and permanent incorporation of such tools and systems. This paper presents the current state of accessibility in Greece, the issues raised and the proposed technological solutions. The focus will be on the APTOS project ( https://aptos.athenarc.gr/ ), providing a special lens to examine these matters. APTOS developed an innovative approach to target these issues and provide low cost, easily adaptable technology systems. These systems, designed and evaluated with the vital contribution of visually impaired people, effectively utilized 3D digitisation, printing, IoT technologies, to enable haptic exploration in museums. The adaptable systems rely on the smart exhibit concept and its functional, non-functional and contextual properties. This paper aspires to practically assist in proposing pathways and tools for museums to become even more accessible and inclusive for all.