Numerical simulation, as a research method based on mathematical models and computer technology, using numerical calculation methods for simulation analysis, is commonly used in physics, engineering, and natural phenomena. Its key point is the application of discrete mathematical equations to predict system behavior, optimize design, or reveal the inherent laws of complex phenomena. In the construction of weak stratum highway tunnels, the control of surrounding rock deformation is the core challenge to ensure engineering safety and efficiency. Its intelligent control technology integrates numerical simulation, real-time monitoring, artificial intelligence algorithms, and dynamic adjustment strategies to form a “prediction warning intervention” closed-loop system, effectively responding to risks such as large deformation and collapse of weak surrounding rock. Therefore, this article starts from a theoretical perspective and deeply explores the deformation of surrounding rock and the initial support intrusion control technology for weak stratum highway tunnels, providing certain theoretical guidance and technical references for weak stratum highway tunnel engineering.