Several studies used experimental designs to investigate the impact of dissociation under controlled laboratory conditions. Compared to the extensive literature on dissociative disorders and the dissociative subtype of PTSD, research explicitly focusing on dissociation in BPD is still scarce. Recent findings point to stronger increases in dissociative states after experimental stress induction in individuals with BPD compared to other clinical groups. Chronic dissociative experiences were further associated with pain hyposensitivity and altered body perception, including reduced body ownership and body connection. Neuropsychological studies in BPD found deficits in various executive functions, such as attention, memory, and emotional learning. Individuals with BPD showed impaired working memory performance when emotional distractors were presented, which was linked to acute dissociation. Moreover, cognitive control of negative words and emotional learning were impaired in BPD patients with acute dissociation. In general, neuropsychological research in groups with high levels of dissociation revealed inconsistencies. While the majority of studies found neurocognitive deficits, some studies observed no objective impairments or even enhanced performance, depending on the investigated neuropsychological domain, the operationalization of dissociation, and sample characteristics. A clearer distinction between trait and state dissociation may contribute to a more precise understanding of associated neuropsychological deficits.