This chapter problematises addiction discourse and the proliferation of associated labels, professionals, and treatments through performing a Marxist analysis of the requirements of capitalism in neoliberal society. The first part of the chapter involves a deconstruction of the established definitions, theories of aetiology, and the efficacy of treatments to highlight that the behaviour commonly labelled as ‘addiction’ can be more accurately understood as deviant consumption practices. The second part of the chapter then outlines how capitalist society specially gains from the medicalisation of this form of social deviance: firstly, in facilitating surplus value through the establishment and promotion of addiction work by groups connected to the ‘troubled persons industries’ (Harbusch, Troubled persons industries: The expansion of psychiatric categories beyond psychiatry. Palgrave Macmillan, 2022); and secondly, through reinforcing the primacy of productivity in neoliberal society.