This chapter explores the early language experiences of DHH children and provides context for how these experiences impact long-term outcomes. As cited in the literature, Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children are at an increased risk for experiencing early language environments that are not fully accessible. This can lead to an incomplete acquisition of a first language (L1), commonly described as language deprivation, which has long-lasting effects on not only language, but also on cognition, including working memory and executive functioning. This chapter will explore the connection between lack of early language acquisition and issues such as mental health and thought disorders.