Research into socio-cultural development of families often involves parents and other caregivers, while the “child’s voice” remains unaccounted for, especially when they are very young. An increasing rate of divorce makes it imperative to take these ignored voices into account. To enable this, we present a comparative analysis of the drawings of preschoolers on the theme of “My Family”, comparing children being brought up in nuclear or single-parent families. The objective was to enable the diagnosis of the specifics of the social situation of development in a modern family and the child’s emotional well-being within it. The study used the well-established projective technique “Family Drawing”, as modified by the authors. It involved 44 children aged from 4 years 9 months to 7 years. The results of the study, when analysed and compared to a historical database confirmed the invariance of the significance of various parameters of children’s drawings. Three key linear scale factors for evaluating children’s drawings of the family were revealed. Firstly, “Structured family relationships” at one end to “Dominance of adults” at the other. Secondly “Inclusion in the family structure” at one end to “Detachment from the family” at the other. Thirdly, “Loneliness” at one end to “Positive emotional bond with the father” at the other. Our study evaluated the emotional well-being of modern boys and girls raised in nuclear and single-parent families. We present results that are surprising – potentially confirming the existence of Oedipus and Electra complexes, and highlighting the particular difficulties faced by boys in single parent families. Our study paves the way for further research opportunities that we identify.