Chatbots are increasingly used to augment healthcare service delivery. Based on the Computers as Social Actors (CASA) paradigm, this paper examined how healthcare chatbots’ anthropomorphic design features (emotional support and human identity) affect people’s trust (cognitive and affective) and use intention. Through an online experiment study, we found that emotional support from the chatbot has a significant positive impact on users’ affective trust, cognitive trust and use intention, whereas the human identity cue of the chatbot has no such effects. Both affective trust and cognitive trust significantly mediate the impact of emotional support on use intention. This paper contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of anthropomorphic design cues for healthcare chatbots. It also offers insights for the design and implementation of healthcare chatbots in practice.