Le Corps Propre in the World of Perception: Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Human Reality
摘要
The inspiring and profuse work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty belongs to one of the most significant attempts at overcoming deep-seated forms of both naive empiricism and “sophisticated” intellectualism prevalent in the European philosophical (epistemological) tradition. The main purpose of Pontian endeavors was to reawaken the primordial experience of the lived world (monde vécu) in order to establish the authentic source of all our knowledge. As the result of intuitive reflection (based on epoché) Merleau-Ponty “introduces” the concept of the incarnate consciousness thus proposing to see in every human being an active, creative force constructing and organizing its world which happens to be there displayed—as it were—in its all richness and complexity. According to Merleau-Ponty the most fundamental (primary) means for reaching, grasping the vast at once ever-open sphere of the “out-there” is perception. Each act of perceptive consciousness is always intentional, that is directed at something which lies beyond its scope and “content.” It is the perception which precedes all knowledge while the world-out-there does not lose its in-itself status. The “being” (or rather the appearance) of the latter is now determined through its relation to the incarnate consciousness, the absolute source of knowledge.