Systemic candidiasis is an invasive fungal infection caused by fungal species belonging to Candida genus. The need to develop immune therapies for Candida infections has been demonstrated by the rising prevalence of resistance to antifungal medicines and higher incidence of non-albicans Candida species-mediated fungal infections. Despite the well-documented importance of cellular immune defense in anti-Candida immunity, few studies have shown the significance of humoral immune response in preventing systemic candidiasis. This chapter outlines the most recent data on the humoral immune reactions brought on by various potential Candida vaccine candidates that have been discovered in recent years. According to the studies summarized herein, antibodies generated against key anti-Candida vaccine candidates use a range of mechanisms, including neutralization, opsonization, direct candidacidal activity, inhibition of biofilm formation, and complement fixation, to provide protection against systemic Candida infection. It has also been discussed how B-cells aid in preventing fungal infections. Encouraging results obtained by employing monoclonal antibody-based passive therapy support the need for developing novel antibody-based treatments such as single chain variable fragments, peptide mimotopes, anti-idiotypic antibodies, and antibody-derived peptides. The treatment of invasive fungal infections may benefit from further research on combination or synergistic immunotherapies utilizing humanized monoclonal antibodies together with antifungal medications and/or cytokines.

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Role of Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies in Systemic Candidiasis: Past and Future Approaches

  • Pankaj Chandley,
  • Soma Rohatgi

摘要

Systemic candidiasis is an invasive fungal infection caused by fungal species belonging to Candida genus. The need to develop immune therapies for Candida infections has been demonstrated by the rising prevalence of resistance to antifungal medicines and higher incidence of non-albicans Candida species-mediated fungal infections. Despite the well-documented importance of cellular immune defense in anti-Candida immunity, few studies have shown the significance of humoral immune response in preventing systemic candidiasis. This chapter outlines the most recent data on the humoral immune reactions brought on by various potential Candida vaccine candidates that have been discovered in recent years. According to the studies summarized herein, antibodies generated against key anti-Candida vaccine candidates use a range of mechanisms, including neutralization, opsonization, direct candidacidal activity, inhibition of biofilm formation, and complement fixation, to provide protection against systemic Candida infection. It has also been discussed how B-cells aid in preventing fungal infections. Encouraging results obtained by employing monoclonal antibody-based passive therapy support the need for developing novel antibody-based treatments such as single chain variable fragments, peptide mimotopes, anti-idiotypic antibodies, and antibody-derived peptides. The treatment of invasive fungal infections may benefit from further research on combination or synergistic immunotherapies utilizing humanized monoclonal antibodies together with antifungal medications and/or cytokines.