This chapter critically examines the evolution and function of Lithuanian nationalism in shaping anti-migrant discourse and policy in the post-Soviet period. It briefly traces the historical, ideological, and geopolitical foundations of a national identity rooted in victimhood, cultural essentialism, and a selective historical imaginary. Particular attention is paid to the interplay between elite political narratives, far-right mobilisation, media representations, and memory politics, which together construct a legitimising mythology of ethno-national belonging. The analysis demonstrates how historical grievances are weaponised in the present to legitimise racialised exclusions and suppress dissent, while the absence of minority voices reinforces a dominant nationalist discourse. The chapter further explores how transnational reactionary networks, neoliberal restructuring, and right-wing “think tanks” contribute to the mainstreaming of hostility towards migrants and other marginalised groups. The case of Lithuania is situated within a broader European context marked by securitisation, cultural backlash, and rising illiberalism, revealing how nationalist identity is co-constructed through both domestic political struggles and international alignments. It concludes with an examination of recent legislative developments that sanction civilian involvement in border enforcement, raising critical concerns about violence, accountability, and the erosion of rights protections in the name of national sovereignty.