The textile industry, a cornerstone of global manufacturing, faces mounting pressure to reconcile its economic significance with environmental stewardship. Traditional textile processes are often resource-intensive, contributing substantially to water pollution, energy consumption, and waste generation. In response, the integration of nanotechnology presents a transformative pathway toward sustainability. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, textiles can be endowed with enhanced properties such as increased durability, water and stain resistance, and antimicrobial functions, all while potentially reducing the need for harmful chemicals and excessive water use. Moreover, advancements in green nanotechnology emphasize the development of eco-friendly nanomaterials and processes, aligning with principles of green chemistry and engineering. This convergence of nanoscience and textile manufacturing not only addresses environmental concerns but also opens avenues for innovation in smart textiles and wearable technologies. As the demand for sustainable solutions intensifies, exploring the role of nanotechnology in revolutionizing textile production becomes imperative. This book delves into the principles, applications, and future prospects of sustainable nanotextile technology, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its potential to reshape the textile industry’s environmental footprint.