Lifestyle factors increase the risk of developing certain oral diseases and are important proximal determinants of oral health. Individual lifestyle factors can directly affect oral tissues, initiating or progressing oral diseases; modifying these can improve oral health. Understanding the contributing factors, oral health consequences and potential interventions related to lifestyle risk factors is crucial for preventing chronic oral diseases and enhancing population oral health. This chapter explores the conceptual pathways linking upstream factors to lifestyle risk factors and oral health. It also examines the contributing factors, affected oral conditions and potential interventions related to the primary lifestyle risk factors impacting oral health.