Between 1990 and 2023, research on climateClimate migrationMigration grew significantly, especially after the IPCCIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth (2007) and Fifth (2014) Assessment Reports. Keyword analysis highlights major themes like migration, climate change, and adaptive managementManagement. Future research must adopt interdisciplinary, holistic approaches to address the complex economic, healthHealth, and environmentalEnvironmental impacts of climate displacementDisplacement. Findings show that migrationMigration is often a response to short-term threats rather than long-term adaptationAdaptation. CyclonesCyclone have severely impacted fishingFishing, aquaculture, shrimp farming, and agricultureAgriculture, mainly due to prolonged waterlogging and increased soil salinity, leading to crop failures and income loss. Many affected households resorted to borrowing, though migrantMigrant householdsHouseholds repaid debts faster than non-migrants. MigrationMigration rates were higher in coastal villagesVillage, among Scheduled Castes (SC), larger families, and householdsHouseholds with multiple earners. However, severe housing damageDamage often trapped the poorest in hazardous areas, limiting their ability to relocate. Migration should be recognized as a planned climateClimate adaptationAdaptation strategy, ensuring it remains safe, voluntary, and dignified. Policies must promote livelihood diversificationDiversification, strengthen receiving areas, protect cultural identity through communityCommunity relocation, and address the needs of trapped populations with in situ adaptation, building resilienceResilience among vulnerable coastalCoastal communitiesCommunities facing cyclonic hazardsHazards.

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Major Findings, Policy Recommendation, and Conclusion

  • Pintu Mandal,
  • Suman Paul

摘要

Between 1990 and 2023, research on climateClimate migrationMigration grew significantly, especially after the IPCCIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth (2007) and Fifth (2014) Assessment Reports. Keyword analysis highlights major themes like migration, climate change, and adaptive managementManagement. Future research must adopt interdisciplinary, holistic approaches to address the complex economic, healthHealth, and environmentalEnvironmental impacts of climate displacementDisplacement. Findings show that migrationMigration is often a response to short-term threats rather than long-term adaptationAdaptation. CyclonesCyclone have severely impacted fishingFishing, aquaculture, shrimp farming, and agricultureAgriculture, mainly due to prolonged waterlogging and increased soil salinity, leading to crop failures and income loss. Many affected households resorted to borrowing, though migrantMigrant householdsHouseholds repaid debts faster than non-migrants. MigrationMigration rates were higher in coastal villagesVillage, among Scheduled Castes (SC), larger families, and householdsHouseholds with multiple earners. However, severe housing damageDamage often trapped the poorest in hazardous areas, limiting their ability to relocate. Migration should be recognized as a planned climateClimate adaptationAdaptation strategy, ensuring it remains safe, voluntary, and dignified. Policies must promote livelihood diversificationDiversification, strengthen receiving areas, protect cultural identity through communityCommunity relocation, and address the needs of trapped populations with in situ adaptation, building resilienceResilience among vulnerable coastalCoastal communitiesCommunities facing cyclonic hazardsHazards.