Wetland ecosystems are vital for maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services in watersheds, but they face numerous threats from human activities and environmental change. Assessing and monitoring the condition of wetlands is crucial for effective management and conservation. This chapter reviews the use of biodiversity indicators in wetland condition assessment and monitoring. Drawing from a synthesis of literature, this chapter examines the main stressors and drivers of wetland change, such as land use, pollution, climate change, over-exploitation, and invasive species, and discusses the diverse range of biological groups used as indicators, including microorganisms, plankton, macroinvertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, mammals, and plants. Challenges associated with using biodiversity indicators in wetland monitoring programs are highlighted, such as methodological limitations, data gaps, and resource constraints, especially in tropical regions. This chapter emphasizes the need for standardized methodologies, open databases, and technological innovations like eDNA metabarcoding, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence to address these challenges. Additionally, integrating empirical knowledge about species responses with these advanced technologies is crucial for robust wetland monitoring. This chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research, collaborative efforts, and interdisciplinary approaches for effective wetland conservation and management on a global scale. Specific recommendations for future research include enhancing data integration across disciplines, developing cost-effective monitoring techniques, and fostering international collaboration to address data gaps and standardize methodologies. By outlining these future directions, this chapter aims to contribute to the long-term impact and sustainability of wetland conservation efforts.