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All space-faring nations are considering or planning to transition to reusable launch vehicles. China aims to replace its launch vehicles with reusable ones by 2035. This technology is primarily being developed by private companies. Notably, SpaceX repeatedly uses the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket: 164 landings and 141 re-launches have been completed. The first stage has transformed from a disposable item into a depreciable long-term asset. The current task is to determine the range of re-launches for reusable launch vehicles that ensures significant cost reductions for their launch. A model has been developed to address this task. It is shown that the lower bound of the range is determined by the project’s payback period of 5 years, and the upper bound is determined by the rate of increase in repair and reflight preparation costs.

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Study on the Dependency of Launch Costs of Fully Reusable Launch Vehicles on the Number of Their Reuses

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Grigory A. Badikov,
  • Maria V. Volkova,
  • Rinat R. Suleimanov

摘要

All space-faring nations are considering or planning to transition to reusable launch vehicles. China aims to replace its launch vehicles with reusable ones by 2035. This technology is primarily being developed by private companies. Notably, SpaceX repeatedly uses the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket: 164 landings and 141 re-launches have been completed. The first stage has transformed from a disposable item into a depreciable long-term asset. The current task is to determine the range of re-launches for reusable launch vehicles that ensures significant cost reductions for their launch. A model has been developed to address this task. It is shown that the lower bound of the range is determined by the project’s payback period of 5 years, and the upper bound is determined by the rate of increase in repair and reflight preparation costs.