Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical molecules formed by rolling graphene sheets into tubes, exhibiting exceptional strength-to-weight ratios, excellent electrical conductivity, and good thermal stability. Their tensile strength exceeds several orders of magnitude higher than steel, which presents an opportunity for use as a reinforcing material for advanced composites in aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering applications. CNTs are also used for their applications in flexible electronics, energy storage systems, biomedical devices, and environmental applications, including water purification and pollutant adsorption/removal. The structure of 2D materials is also responsible for their unique electrical properties, which enable ballistic electron transport, making them strong candidates as next-generation transistors that can overcome the limits of traditional silicon-based technologies. Moreover, they possess a high surface area and chemical versatility, making them ideal candidates for use as catalysts, drug delivery systems, and sensors for detecting small biochemical changes. The benefits of carbon-based nanomaterials can be realised, including large-scale production, dispersion problems in composite materials, and the question of biocompatibility and toxicity. Carbon nanotubes have many developments in the next generation of materials, energy, and biological engineering. (CNTs) The application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been widely used in the manufacturing industry for many years, revolutionising production with their unique properties.