This chapter explores gender disparities in academic medicine by examining authorship trends across disciplines, with a focus on radiology. Although female first authorship in radiology rose from 13.0% in 1984 to 31.5% in 2014, and senior authorship from 9.3% to 22.1%, significant gaps persist at senior levels. Notably, subspecialties like breast imaging demonstrate higher female representation compared to more technical areas. Comparisons with fields such as pediatrics and gynecology, where female participation is greater, indicate that supportive networks and targeted interventions can enhance gender parity. The existing evidence highlights the need for mentorship programs, diversified leadership, and institutional reforms to overcome systemic barriers and citation biases, thereby fostering a more inclusive research environment.