It has often been argued that modern physics undermines the traditional division between objective reality, pursued through scientific reason, and subjective reality, immediately accessible to human soul. By questioning the classical logic of Western thought, the new physical image of the world has encouraged different ways of thinking. This book aims to explore the significance of the encounter between modern physics and Japanese philosophy. It examines, on the one hand, the impact of epistemological questions arising from relativity and quantum physics on the theoretical sensitivity of Kyoto School philosophers and, on the other, the relevance of their critical reflections in clarifying foundational issues within the modern scientific worldview.