This chapter provides insights as to why it is essential to recognize the environmental context and intersectionality of youth receiving professional youth mentoring services. Specifically, we provide the theories and theoretical frameworks that underscore how youths’ environmental contexts and intersecting identities impact their relationships with their mentors and their experiences within mentoring programs. Further, we review case studies that illustrate how the theories and frameworks look in different situations. We end with a discussion of the implications of youths’ environmental contexts and intersecting identities for both mentors and professional mentoring programs.