In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Husserl developed a method of intentional-historical reflection (Besinnung) meant to guide his transcendental eidetic project. This method of critique, which falls within the purview of Husserl’s framework of transcendental clarification (Klärung), is a response to what he saw as the crisis of science, philosophy, and, ultimately, humanity. This chapter offers a deep dive into three core aspects of Husserl’s method of Besinnung: restoration (Restitution), reactivation (Reaktivierung), and reorientation (Umwendung). Whereas restoration focuses on the pre-givenness of experiential evidence, reactivation targets the sedimented layers of this evidence. My main contentions in this chapter are threefold. (I) Restoration and reactivation condition, in a performative manner, the possibility of a radical reorientation toward the historicity of this evidence. (II) This sustained reorientation qualifies both the attitudinal shift of the phenomenological reductions and our grasp of transcendental necessity. (III) This transcendental-historical reorientation, in turn, has self-referential implications: critique is eo ipso radical self-critique—a self-critique (Selbstbesinnung) that necessarily entails the (re)evaluation of methodological commitments and theoretical accomplishments (Leistungen) alike. In short, the performativity we see at work at the level of domain-specific analyses also unfolds at the higher-order, meta-phenomenological level. The chapter closes with reflections on the implications of this self-referentiality for understanding transcendental phenomenology as a qualitatively distinctive kind of radical critique.

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Realizability, Radical Reflection, and the Critical Performativity of Phenomenological Work

  • Andreea Smaranda Aldea

摘要

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Husserl developed a method of intentional-historical reflection (Besinnung) meant to guide his transcendental eidetic project. This method of critique, which falls within the purview of Husserl’s framework of transcendental clarification (Klärung), is a response to what he saw as the crisis of science, philosophy, and, ultimately, humanity. This chapter offers a deep dive into three core aspects of Husserl’s method of Besinnung: restoration (Restitution), reactivation (Reaktivierung), and reorientation (Umwendung). Whereas restoration focuses on the pre-givenness of experiential evidence, reactivation targets the sedimented layers of this evidence. My main contentions in this chapter are threefold. (I) Restoration and reactivation condition, in a performative manner, the possibility of a radical reorientation toward the historicity of this evidence. (II) This sustained reorientation qualifies both the attitudinal shift of the phenomenological reductions and our grasp of transcendental necessity. (III) This transcendental-historical reorientation, in turn, has self-referential implications: critique is eo ipso radical self-critique—a self-critique (Selbstbesinnung) that necessarily entails the (re)evaluation of methodological commitments and theoretical accomplishments (Leistungen) alike. In short, the performativity we see at work at the level of domain-specific analyses also unfolds at the higher-order, meta-phenomenological level. The chapter closes with reflections on the implications of this self-referentiality for understanding transcendental phenomenology as a qualitatively distinctive kind of radical critique.