This concluding chapter revisits the main conceptual and empirical contributions of the Innovation Systems from Below (ISFB) framework. It synthesises key insights from the book’s empirical cases and mechanism-based explanations, showing how innovation capabilities emerge through situated interactions among firms, institutions, and intermediaries. The chapter reflects on the value of actor-centred and embedded case study approaches, as well as the role of mechanism-based theorising in unpacking strategic coupling and institutional bridging. It also outlines a research agenda for extending the ISFB framework, including comparative applications, the study of non-firm actors, and the development of new metrics and evaluative tools. Finally, the chapter reflects on the relational dimensions of innovation, positioning the ISFB framework as a generative tool for understanding and shaping innovation systems in diverse institutional contexts.