This chapter examines the current incarceration situation in Lithuania, focusing on the challenges within its penitentiary system and the progress of ongoing prison reform. Despite reductions in the prison population and the formal prioritization of resocialization, Lithuania maintains one of the highest incarceration rates in the European Union. The chapter analyzes structural, financial, and social barriers to effective prison reform, including the harmful prison environment and the weak implementation of resocialization programs. While prison reform aligns with international standards, its practical impact remains limited. From critical criminology, the chapter questions whether these changes can lead to substantive transformation or represent symbolic progress.