Aviation fuels are produced in oil refineries around the world mainly by atmospheric-pressure distillation of crude oil. Refinery activities that take account of crude properties and quality requirements for their complete range of products are essential to produce problem-free, fit-for-purpose aviation fuels. This chapter focusses on jet fuel production, from distillation and heavy stream upgrading processes that set most bulk properties, to finishing processes that control cleanliness and stability. It also addresses briefly more activities in the refineries, such as additivation, sampling, testing, and product release. The slightly different requirements for military grade fuels are discussed as are trends in refinery operations toward production of future fuels.