Tumors of the female genital tract are very common and include those from the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. It is helpful to discuss each organ separately and to consider the different tissue types of each organ. The ovaries have a mesothelial surface and interact with the fallopian tubes, itself epithelial. Furthermore ovaries have a stroma component and host germ cells. Hence, ovarian tumors are of epithelial (e.g., high-grade serous carcinoma), sex cord-stromal, or germ cell origin. The most common tumor entities of the uterine corpus are endometrial carcinoma and leiomyomas, having their origin in the endometrial glands (epithelial) and myometrium (smooth muscle), respectively. The outer cervix and vagina is covered by nonkeratinized squamous epithelium, the vulva by keratinized squamous epithelium. Of special interest are squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix and vulva, which often are HPV related.