Over 50 years ago, Wilson and Junger introduced 10 criteria for screening in their groundbreaking work titled “Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease.” In their publication, the authors highlighted the inherent challenges in implementing screening programs, stating, “The central idea of early disease detection and treatment is essentially simple. However, the path to its successful achievement (…) is far from simple, though it may sometimes appear deceptively easy” (Wilson JMG and Jungner G, Principles and practice of screening for disease. WHO, 1968). Despite the evolution of medical screening strategies and numerous proposed adaptations to these 10 criteria, the core of their work continues to establish enduring and normative standards for screening programs and should be kept in mind when discussing new screening modalities, Box 98.1 (Andermann A, Bull World Health Organ, 86:317–319, 2008).