Intrapartum fetal monitoring in the form of intermittent auscultation of the FHR was first introduced into practice in the 1800s. Since then, there have been various methods of analyzing and assessing the FHR in order to ensure fetal well-being. In contemporary obstetric practice, as the technology continues to advance, it is not only possible to monitor the fetus, the uterine activity, and the mother continuously with the aim of preventing neonatal brain damage or stillbirths, it is also now possible to monitor the fetal electrocardiograph (ECG) during labor. However, it is essential to develop a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal hypoxia and fetal response to ongoing intrapartum stress to reduce inter- and intra-observer variability in CTG interpretation. The aim of intrapartum fetal monitoring is to avoid missing features of fetal compromise on the CTG trace and ensure timely and appropriate interventions without increasing unnecessary operative interventions in the mother.