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Miscarriage is the most prevalent form of pregnancy loss, with approximately 80% occurring in the first trimester. It represents a multifactorial phenomenon involving genetic, anatomical, endocrine, immunologic, and lifestyle factors. Despite known risk contributors such as advanced maternal or paternal age, uterine anomalies, infections, and environmental toxins, a substantial proportion of miscarriages remain idiopathic. This chapter highlights the epidemiology, risk stratification, and key biological mechanisms underlying miscarriage, alongside evidence-based preventive and therapeutic interventions. A multidisciplinary, patient-tailored approach is emphasized for both physical and psychological care, particularly in recurrent pregnancy loss.

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Miscarriage: Risk Factors and Prevention

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Valentina Tsibizova,
  • Valentina Tosto,
  • Graziano Clerici,
  • Gian Carlo Di Renzo

摘要

Miscarriage is the most prevalent form of pregnancy loss, with approximately 80% occurring in the first trimester. It represents a multifactorial phenomenon involving genetic, anatomical, endocrine, immunologic, and lifestyle factors. Despite known risk contributors such as advanced maternal or paternal age, uterine anomalies, infections, and environmental toxins, a substantial proportion of miscarriages remain idiopathic. This chapter highlights the epidemiology, risk stratification, and key biological mechanisms underlying miscarriage, alongside evidence-based preventive and therapeutic interventions. A multidisciplinary, patient-tailored approach is emphasized for both physical and psychological care, particularly in recurrent pregnancy loss.