Endocrinology
摘要
Endocrine diseases are a group of disorders characterized by excessive or deficient hormone production, which may affect female sex hormones and their functions. Physiological changes during pregnancy can significantly alter endocrine hormone profiles and gland morphology on imaging. Pregnancy-specific pathophysiological processes may also influence endocrine function test results. Managing endocrine disorders in pregnancy requires understanding these changes and ensuring hormone safety for both mother and fetus.