Airway management is essential for ensuring safe and effective oxygenation and ventilation, particularly in patients with airway obstruction or respiratory insufficiency. This chapter discusses the significance of a systematic approach to airway management in anesthesiology and critical care, emphasizing noninvasive ventilatory methods that minimize the need for invasive interventions. Preoxygenation is highlighted as a crucial step to enhance oxygen reserves before airway management, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) patients at risk for difficult airways. The role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), is explored in the context of acute respiratory failure and endotracheal intubation. Additionally, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is presented as an emerging method for providing supplemental oxygen and reducing respiratory effort. This chapter aims to outline strategies for utilizing noninvasive ventilation in challenging airway scenarios, summarizing evidence on the importance of preoxygenation and oxygen maintenance during airway management, while addressing both predicted and unexpected difficult airways.