With their flexible structures, museums can provide rich and non-standard educational content to visitors, complementing or offering an alternative to formal learning environments. Moreover, museums with mathematics-themed exhibits can serve as valuable out-of-school learning environments, fostering the development of young people’s mathematical thinking and reasoning skills. In this chapter we investigate how museums can contribute to mathematics education from multiple perspectives and discuss the educational opportunities they offer. We conclude with an example of a virtual museum activity designed for implementation in classroom settings.