Non‐genetic optoelectronic biointerfaces are transforming biomedical engineering in exciting new ways. These devices harness light to produce finely tuned electrical or chemical signals, allowing us to modulate and monitor biological systems without genetic alteration. This chapter explores three innovative modalities—nanostructured phototransducers, micropatterned photoelectrode arrays, and thin‐film flexible photoelectrodes—that together form the foundation for next‐generation therapies in neurology, cardiology, oncology, regenerative medicine, and beyond. Emphasizing their minimally invasive nature and high spatiotemporal precision, we discuss both the engineering principles and the translational potential of these biointerfaces. Finally, we examine the broader societal implications, including ethical considerations and the need for robust regulatory frameworksRegulatory frameworks to guide their clinical implementation.