This chapter meticulously examines the profound ethical dilemmasEthical dilemmas arising from the rapid convergenceConvergence of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence (AI) (AI) and Synthetic Biology (SB), advocating for innovative and adaptive governanceGovernance frameworksGovernance frameworks. Through a critical analysis of existing international, regional, and national governance structures, and by employing illustrative scenario evaluationsScenario evaluation in healthcare (e.g., AI-driven gene editing), agriculture (AI-enhanced crop development), environmental conservation (AI-designed bioremediation organisms), and public perception, the chapter highlights how this technological fusion intensifies concerns. These include data privacy, algorithmic opacity, dual-use applications, intellectual property, equitable access, and ecological integrity, often outpacing traditional regulatory oversight. A core argument is the necessity for governance to be anticipatory, culturally sensitive, and participatory, addressing the unique challenges posed by AI's predictive power combined with SB's transformative potential. The chapter underscores recurring ethical themes—transparency, equity, autonomy, environmental impact, and public trust—and stresses the risk of ethical imperialism if diverse global perspectives are not integrated. It concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, robust stakeholder engagement, and flexible governance mechanisms to ensure that AI-SB innovations are developed responsibly, aligning technological advancements with diverse societal values and ethical principles.