Transference and countertransference are concepts that capture the reaction that clients and therapists have toward one another, originating from their own personal histories. This chapter illustrates ways in which transference and countertransference can operate in traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as one specific type of therapy that grew out of the cognitive behavioral tradition (schema therapy). Strategies typically employed in both traditional CBT and schema therapy to manage and harness transference and countertransference to advance the work of therapy are considered. Case descriptions are presented, and directions for future research are considered.