This paper presents the feature tokeniser-transformer autoencoder (FT-TAE), a novel adaptation of the FT-Transformer’s per-feature tokenisation for inherently interpretable unsupervised tabular anomaly detection. Tailored for mixed-type tabular data, FT-TAE leverages feature-wise token reconstruction. Per-token bottlenecks produce feature-specific error signals, directly linking anomalous predictions to individual features. By reconstructing each feature token independently and maintaining feature dependencies through attention, FT-TAE promotes interpretable anomaly detection while achieving competitive detection performance and statistical gains over state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detectors on benchmark datasets. Model interpretability is further demonstrated on a synthetic dataset through comparative analysis with kernel SHAP, a widely adopted industry standard for feature attributions.

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Feature Tokeniser-Transformer Autoencoders for Interpretable Tabular Anomaly Detection

  • J. C. Huskisson,
  • J. Grobler,
  • A. H. Basson

摘要

This paper presents the feature tokeniser-transformer autoencoder (FT-TAE), a novel adaptation of the FT-Transformer’s per-feature tokenisation for inherently interpretable unsupervised tabular anomaly detection. Tailored for mixed-type tabular data, FT-TAE leverages feature-wise token reconstruction. Per-token bottlenecks produce feature-specific error signals, directly linking anomalous predictions to individual features. By reconstructing each feature token independently and maintaining feature dependencies through attention, FT-TAE promotes interpretable anomaly detection while achieving competitive detection performance and statistical gains over state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detectors on benchmark datasets. Model interpretability is further demonstrated on a synthetic dataset through comparative analysis with kernel SHAP, a widely adopted industry standard for feature attributions.