This chapter considers the innovations and inventions originating at the Brenthurst Red Cross Military Hospital for Plastic Surgery, with a focus on the prosthetic eye and, in particular, the Brenthurst Splint. For surgeon-in-charge Jack Penn, the work done at the hospital was a means of asserting a southern African expertise in reconstructive surgery, a challenge to the dominance of specialists in Britain and the United States. The Splint was itself based on an identification of the shortcomings of existing devices used in the northern hemisphere, namely their invasive nature that left the patient vulnerable to infection. The Brenthurst Splint was non-invasive and able to be used by non-specialists – an important feature when injuries were incurred on the frontlines of battle. While the Splint symbolized national ingenuity, it was also a medical device and associated with the universalism of humanitarianism as envisaged by its creators, as well as a sense of international co-operation and the sharing of knowledge amongst the Allied reconstructive surgery pioneers. This however conflicted with the UDF’s sense of proprietorship over the device and became especially thorny when the device was shared with the Soviet Union. The chapter demonstrates the competing interests of an inventor and what Penn would view as the dogmatic attitude of the military impeding innovation and the dissemination of knowledge. It reveals too, the complex and contradictory ways in which technology was shared between the Allies during the War.

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Invention, Compensation and Dissemination at the Brenthurst Red Cross Military Hospital for Plastic Surgery

  • Suryakanthie Chetty

摘要

This chapter considers the innovations and inventions originating at the Brenthurst Red Cross Military Hospital for Plastic Surgery, with a focus on the prosthetic eye and, in particular, the Brenthurst Splint. For surgeon-in-charge Jack Penn, the work done at the hospital was a means of asserting a southern African expertise in reconstructive surgery, a challenge to the dominance of specialists in Britain and the United States. The Splint was itself based on an identification of the shortcomings of existing devices used in the northern hemisphere, namely their invasive nature that left the patient vulnerable to infection. The Brenthurst Splint was non-invasive and able to be used by non-specialists – an important feature when injuries were incurred on the frontlines of battle. While the Splint symbolized national ingenuity, it was also a medical device and associated with the universalism of humanitarianism as envisaged by its creators, as well as a sense of international co-operation and the sharing of knowledge amongst the Allied reconstructive surgery pioneers. This however conflicted with the UDF’s sense of proprietorship over the device and became especially thorny when the device was shared with the Soviet Union. The chapter demonstrates the competing interests of an inventor and what Penn would view as the dogmatic attitude of the military impeding innovation and the dissemination of knowledge. It reveals too, the complex and contradictory ways in which technology was shared between the Allies during the War.